With the vanishing of the people’s will comes the utter disappearance of certain citizens, who live in a spontaneous society as if they were stateless or lawless persons. The article argues that neoliberalism ultimately leads to the total exclusion of certain citizens under the veil of full liberty. Tracing the consequences of neoliberalism, we argue that unless we take seriously both the people as a political category and the right to equal and reciprocal coercion, individual liberty will be at risk. To the contrary, it creates conditions in which free individuals become servile and political inequality becomes entrenched, where citizens are divided into those who obey and those who command. Against these neoliberal assumptions, we argue that rejecting public restrictions on liberty does not promote individual liberty. ![]() Neoliberal theory only allows for private restrictions on liberty. Neoliberal theorists maintain that any common personality, with its corresponding set of public and arbitrary positive and negative restrictions on liberty, undermines individual liberty. In such cases, individuals must obey without liberty, while those in power command under a state of license. Where no such common body exists, individuals are deprived of this protection. ![]() Through publically agreed laws that correspond to a common set of public restrictions, the ‘people as a sovereign body’ serves to protect against violations of individual liberty and despotic power.
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